Foam test system for firefighting vehicle

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods for determining the accuracy of a foam addition system on a firefighting vehicle are disclosed. The methods may include measuring the amount of a test water stream flowing through a foam metering device.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation patent application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/374,574, filed on Dec. 9, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,919,172, which is a divisional patent application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/173,899, filed on Feb. 6, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,555,273, which claims the priority benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/768,453 entitled “Foam Test System for Firefighting Vehicle,” filed Feb. 23, 2013, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to firefighting vehicles. More particularly, the invention concerns systems and methods for testing the accuracy of a foam addition system utilized by a firefighting vehicle.

BACKGROUND

Certain firefighting vehicles can be equipped with a foam addition system that can add a foam concentrate to a water stream and thereby discharge a foam/water mixture in order to suppress or prevent a fire. Generally, it is desirable to test the accuracy of a firefighting vehicle's foam addition system to ensure that the correct amount of foam is being added to the water stream so that the foam/water mixture being discharged has the proper amount of foam. Certain current methods used to test the accuracy of a foam addition system can involve the actual discharge of a foam/water mixture into the environment. However, the discharge of certain fire retardant foam compositions into the environment may have negative environmental effects. Therefore, there is a need for systems and methods that can test the accuracy of a foam addition system without actually discharging any foam into the environment during the testing procedure.

SUMMARY

In one embodiment of the present invention, a method of testing the accuracy of a firefighting vehicle's foam addition system is provided that includes the steps of (a) operating the foam addition system in a normal mode where a foam concentrate stream flows through a foam metering device and is thereafter mixed with a first tank water stream supplied by a water tank on the vehicle, (b) operating the foam addition system in a test mode where a test water stream supplied by the water tank flows through the foam metering device and is thereafter mixed with a second tank water stream supplied by the water tank, and (c) during at least a portion of step (b) measuring the amount of the test water stream flowing through the foam metering device.

In another embodiment of the present invention, a foam test system for testing the accuracy of a firefighting vehicle's foam addition system is provided. The firefighting vehicle is equipped with a water tank for storing water, a foam tank for storing a liquid foam concentrate, a foam/water mixing device for combining the foam concentrate with the water, and a foam metering device for metering flow of the foam concentrate from the foam tank to the foam/water mixing device. The system includes a flow control system shiftable between (i) a normal mode where fluid flow from the foam tank to the foam metering device is permitted and fluid flow from the water tank to the foam metering device is prevented, and (ii) a test mode where fluid flow from the water tank to the foam metering device is permitted and fluid flow from the foam tank to the foam metering device is prevented. The system further includes a flow meter for measuring the amount of water passed through the foam metering device when the flow control system is in the test mode.

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, a firefighting vehicle is provided that includes a water tank for storing water, a foam tank for storing a liquid foam concentrate, a foam/water mixing device for combining the foam concentrate with the water, and a foam metering device for metering flow of the foam concentrate from the foam tank to the foam/water mixing device. The firefighting vehicle further includes a flow control system shiftable between (i) a normal mode where fluid flow from the foam tank to the foam metering device is permitted and fluid flow from the water tank to the foam metering device is prevented, and (ii) a test mode where fluid flow from the water tank to the foam metering device is permitted and fluid flow from the foam tank and the foam metering device is prevented. The firefighting vehicle also includes a flow meter for measuring the amount of water passed through the foam metering device when the flow control system is in the test mode.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Embodiments of the present invention are described herein with reference to the following drawing figures, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an internal foam test system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, particularly showing a water tank, a pump, a flow control system, a foam metering device, and a flow meter, all mounted on a firefighting truck;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an internal foam test system in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, particularly showing a water tank, a pump, a flow control system, a foam metering device, a flow meter, and a flow meter display; and

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an external foam test system in accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention, particularly showing a water tank, a pump, and a foam metering device, all mounted on a firefighting vehicle, and a flow meter mounted on a test apparatus separate from the firefighting vehicle.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 depicts an internal foam test system 10 for a firefighting vehicle 91 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The firefighting vehicle 91 can be any type of firefighting vehicle known to one skilled in the art, such as, for example, a firefighting truck. In certain embodiments, the firefighting vehicle 91 may be equipped with a foam addition system 26. The foam addition system 26 may be any type of foam addition system known to one skilled in the art, such as, for example, an around-the-pump (“ATP”) foam addition system.

In certain embodiments, a firefighting vehicle 91 having a foam addition system 26 may be equipped with a water tank 13, a foam tank 18, a foam metering device 15, a foam/water mixing device 14, and a pump 11. The water tank 13 and the foam tank 18 may be any type of tanks that are capable of being mounted onto a firefighting vehicle 91, and specific tanks can be chosen by one skilled in the art for a particular purpose. The foam metering device 15 can be any device known to one skilled in the art that is capable of controlling the flow of a foam concentrate from the foam tank 18 into the foam/water mixing device 14. In certain embodiments, the foam metering device 15 may include a metering valve. The foam/water mixing device 14 may include any type of mixing device known to one skilled in the art that is capable of mixing foam concentrate with a stream of water supplied by a water tank 13, such as, for example, an eductor.

In certain embodiments, the foam addition system 26 may be an ATP foam addition system. In such embodiments, the foam addition system 26 may include a tank water stream, which can include water from the water tank 13 that enters into a conduit 21 a, proceeds past a check valve 12, through a conduit 21 b, through the pump 11, and then proceeds through conduits 22 and 23 a, and through the foam/water mixing device 14. The check valve 12 and the pump 11 are components known to one skilled in the art and specific types of these components can be chosen by one skilled in the art for a particular purpose.

In one or more embodiments, a foam concentrate, e.g., in the form of a liquid, may exit the foam tank 18 and enter conduit 31 a, flow through the foam concentrate valve 17, through conduits 31 b and 29, and flow into the foam metering device 15, which may meter the foam concentrate into conduit 32. In such embodiments, water, e.g., water from the tank water stream, that is passing through the foam/water mixing device 14 may draw foam concentrate from the foam metering device 15 and/or conduit 32 into the foam/water mixing device 14 to thereby form a foam and water mixture. In such embodiments, this foam and water mixture may then proceed through conduits 23 b and 21 b, through the pump 11, and through conduits 22 and 24, and ultimately be discharged via at least one discharge outlet 25. In certain embodiments, the discharge outlets 25 may include one or more under-truck nozzles, one or more hand-lines, and/or one or more turrets. In various embodiments, the foam and water mixture that is discharged may include foam in an amount of at least 0.1, 0.5, or 1 (v/v) percent, and/or not more than 15, 12, or 10 (v/v) percent.

The foam concentrate may be any type of foam that can be used to suppress or prevent various types of fires, such as, for example, Class A and Class B foams. In certain embodiments, the foam concentrate may include an aqueous film forming foam. In one or more embodiments, the foam concentrate may include water in an amount of at least 50, 60, or 70 percent by weight, and/or not more than 95, 90, 85, or 80 percent by weight. In certain embodiments, the foam concentrate may include an ether in amount of at least 1, 2, or 3 percent by weight, and/or not more than 20, 15, 10, or 8 percent by weight.

In certain embodiments, the foam concentrate may include water and one or more surfactants. The surfactants may include a hydrocarbon surfactant and/or a fluorosurfactant. In one or more embodiments, the foam concentrate may include water and an ether. In such embodiments, the ether may be a butyl ether. In certain embodiments, the butyl ether may include t-butyl ether and/or a monobutyl ether. In the same or alternative embodiments, the butyl ether may include propylene glycol t-butyl ether and/or diethylene glycol monobutyl ether. In various embodiments, the foam concentrate may include, water, an ether, and one or more surfactants. In certain other embodiments, the foam concentrate may include water and a surfactant. In one or more embodiments, the foam concentrate may include magnesium sulfate in an amount of at least 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 percent by weight, and/or not more than 10, 5, or 3 percent by weight.

In one or more embodiments, it may be desirable to test the accuracy of the foam addition system 26. For example, in certain embodiments, a foam test system 10 may be utilized to test the accuracy of the foam addition system 26 without discharging any foam into the environment. As discussed in detail below, the foam test system 10 of FIG. 1 may allow one to determine the accuracy of the foam addition system 26 without the use of foam by employing a foam concentrate substitute, e.g., a test water stream, that includes water from the water tank 13 flowing through the foam metering device 15, and a flow control system 20 that may restrict the flow of foam concentrate into the foam metering device 15.

In certain embodiments, the foam test system 10 of FIG. 1 may include a flow meter 19. In one or more embodiments, the flow meter 19 may be mounted on a firefighting vehicle 91. In certain other embodiments, as discussed below with reference to FIG. 3, a flow meter may be may be mounted on a test apparatus that is separate from a firefighting vehicle.

The flow meter 19 of FIG. 1 may be any type of flow meter that is capable of measuring the flow of a liquid, and a specific flow meter can be chosen by one skilled in the art for a particular purpose. In certain embodiments, the flow meter 19 may be a magnetic flow meter, e.g., a high accuracy, direct measurement, nonintrusive magnetic flow meter. In one or more embodiments, the flow meter 19 may be positioned upstream of the foam metering device 15. In the same or alternative embodiments, the flow meter 19 may be positioned downstream of the water tank 13. In a preferred embodiment, the flow meter 19 may be positioned downstream of the water tank 13 and upstream of the foam metering device 15. For example, in the embodiment depicted in FIG. 1, the flow meter 19 may be positioned along conduit 28, which can be utilized to deliver a test water stream from the water tank 13 to the foam metering device 15. The flow meter 19 can be positioned at any other location in the foam test system 10 as long as the flow meter 19 is capable of measuring the total flow and/or flow rate of a fluid entering the foam metering device 15 as part of the foam test system 10. For example, in certain embodiments, the flow meter 19 may be positioned along conduit 29.

As discussed above, in certain embodiments, the foam test system 10 may include a flow control system 20. In such embodiments, the flow control system 20 may shift the foam addition system 26 between a normal mode and a test mode, where the normal mode may be used to meter foam into a tank water stream, and where the test mode may be used to meter a test water stream into a tank water stream. For example, in such embodiments, when the flow control system 20 is in the normal mode, fluid flow from the foam tank 18 to the foam metering device 15 may be permitted and fluid flow from the water tank 13 to the foam meter device 15 may be restricted, and when in the test mode, fluid flow from the water tank 13 to the foam metering device 15 may be permitted and fluid flow from the foam tank 18 to the foam metering device 15 may be restricted.

In one or more embodiments, the flow control system 20 may include a test water valve 16 and/or a foam concentrate valve 17. The test water valve 16 and the foam concentrate valve 17 may be any type of valves that are capable of controlling the flow of a fluid through such a valve. In certain embodiments, the test water valve 16 may be positioned within the foam test system 10 so as to be able to control the fluid flow of test water from the water tank 13 to the foam metering device 15. In such embodiments, the test water valve 16 may be positioned upstream of the foam metering device 15 and downstream of the water tank 13. For example, in the embodiment depicted in FIG. 1, the test water valve 16 may be coupled to conduits 27 and 28 a so as to be able to permit and/or prevent test water to flow from the water tank 13 to the foam metering device 15, via conduits 27, 28 a, 28 b, and 29. The test water valve 16 may be positioned anywhere within the foam test system 10 and/or the foam addition system 26 as long as the test water valve 16 is capable of permitting and/or preventing water to flow from the water tank 13 to the foam metering device 15, via conduits 27, 28 a, 28 b, and 29.

In one or more embodiments, the foam concentrate valve 17 may be positioned within the foam test system 10 and/or the foam addition system 26 so as to be able to control the fluid flow of foam concentrate from the foam tank 18 to the foam metering device 15. In such embodiments, the foam concentrate valve 17 may be positioned downstream of the foam tank 18 and upstream of the foam metering device 15. For example, in the embodiment depicted in FIG. 1, the foam concentrate valve 17 may be coupled to conduits 31 a and 31 b so as to be able to permit and/or prevent foam concentrate to flow from the foam tank 18 into the foam metering device 15, via conduits 31 a, 31 b, and 29. The foam concentrate valve 17 may be positioned anywhere within the foam test system 10 and/or the foam addition system 26 as long as the foam concentrate valve 17 is capable of permitting and/or preventing water to flow from the foam tank 18 to the foam metering device 15, via conduits 31 a, 31 b, and 29.

As discussed above, when the foam addition system 26 is in the normal mode, fluid flow from the foam tank 18 to the foam metering device 15 may be permitted. In such embodiments, when in the normal mode, the foam concentrate valve 17 may be open so as to permit flow of the foam concentrate from the foam tank 18 into the foam metering device 15. Further, in such embodiments, when in the normal mode, the test water valve 16 may be closed so as to prevent the flow of the test water from the water tank 18 to the foam metering device 15. In certain embodiments, when the foam addition system 26 is in the normal mode, a foam/water mixing device 14, e.g., an eductor, may draw the liquid foam concentrate through the foam metering device 15. Further, in such embodiments, the foam concentrate exiting the foam metering device 15 may mix with a tank water stream in the foam/water mixing device 14. In one or more embodiments, this water and foam mixture may enter the pump 11 via conduit 23 b and then proceed through conduits 22 and 24 to be discharged via at least one of the discharge outlets 25.

As discussed above, when the foam addition system 26 is in the test mode, fluid flow from the water tank 13 to the foam metering device 15 may be permitted. For example, when in the test mode, the test water valve 16 may be open so as to permit the flow of test water, e.g., a test water stream, from the water tank 13 to the foam metering device 15. Further, in such embodiments, when in the test mode, the foam concentrate valve 17 may be closed so as to prevent the flow of foam concentrate from the foam tank 18 into the foam metering device 15. In certain embodiments, when in the test mode, a foam/water mixing device 14, e.g., an eductor, may draw test water, e.g., a test water stream stream, through the foam metering device 15. Further, in such embodiments, the test water may mix with a tank water stream in the foam/water mixing device 14, and this mixture may pass through conduits 23 b and 21 b, through the pump 11, through conduits 22 and 24, and may be discharged via at least one discharge outlet 25.

As discussed above, the foam test system 10 may be used to test the accuracy of the foam addition system 26 without discharging foam into the environment, which, in certain embodiments, may include measuring the amount of a test water stream that flows through the foam metering device 15. In such embodiments, measuring the amount of a test water stream that flows through the foam metering device 15 may include measuring the flow rate and/or the total flow of the test water stream flowing through the foam metering device 15. In certain embodiments, the flow meter 19 of FIG. 1 may measure the flow rate and/or total flow of the test water stream that flows through the foam metering device 15. For example, in such embodiments, a test water stream from the water tank 13 on its way to the foam metering device 15, may pass through conduit 27, through the test water valve 16, and into conduit 28 where the flow meter 19 is positioned, thereby allowing the flow meter 19 to measure the flow rate and/or the total flow of the test water stream that flows through the foam metering device 15.

In certain embodiments, operating the foam addition system 26 in the test mode may include discharging a mixture of a test water stream and a tank water stream from at least one discharge outlet 25. In such embodiments, a user may measure the amount of the test water stream/tank water stream mixture discharged from the discharge outlet 25. In certain embodiments, a user may measure the amount of the test water stream/tank water stream mixture discharged from the discharge outlet 25 by measuring the flow rate and/or total flow of the test water stream/tank water stream discharged from the discharge outlet 25. Further, in certain embodiments, a user may determine the concentration of the test water stream in the test water stream/tank water stream mixture using the measured amount of the test water stream/tank water stream mixture discharged from the discharge outlet 25 and the measured amount of the test water stream flowing through the foam metering device 15. For example, as discussed below with reference to the embodiment depicted in FIG. 2, a user may determine the concentration of the test water stream in the test water stream/tank water stream mixture using: 1) the measured amount of the test water stream/tank water stream mixture discharged from the discharge outlet 25 during a specified time period; and 2) the total amount of the test water stream flowing through the foam metering device 15 during a specified time period.

FIG. 2 provides a more detailed depiction of an internal foam test system 10 for an ATP foam addition system 26 configured in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. In certain embodiments, the components of the foam addition system 26, the foam test system 10, and/or the flow control system 20 of FIG. 2 may have the same properties and parameters as the same-numbered corresponding components of the foam addition system 26, the foam test system 10, and/or the flow control system 20 discussed above with reference to FIG. 1. Below, a detailed description of the operation of the foam test system 10 of FIG. 2 in the test mode is provided.

In certain embodiments, to operate the foam test system 10 of FIG. 2, a valve 34 may be opened allowing water from the water supply 33, e.g., a fire hydrant line, to flow through a meter 36, through a conduit 37, through a connection 39, and through the valve 84, and into the water tank 13. Further, in such embodiments, an engine 87 may be started, driving the air compressor 88 and sending air to the air tank 89, through conduit 50, through valve 72, and through conduit 73, thereby holding the actuator 79 on the test water valve 16 closed, and holding the actuator 82 on valve 83 in the default operational mode. Air may also pass through conduit 51, through valve 40, through conduit 54, thereby holding the actuator 35 on the foam concentrate valve 17 closed. In addition, in such embodiments, air may pass through valve 41 and through conduit 52, thereby holding the actuator 85 on valve 86 closed.

In one or more embodiments, the water switch 75, which may receive power from a battery 59 via conductor 58, can be activated “ON.” In such embodiments, activating the water switch ON may allow power to go through the water switch 75 and through conductor 76 to activate valve 41, thereby allowing air from conduit 51 to flow through conduit 52 to the actuator 85 on valve 86 to open the valve 86. Further, in such embodiments, air may be exhausted from the actuator 85 through conduit 52 to the atmosphere. In such embodiments, power may also go through conductor 77 engaging the power take-off (“PTO”) 90, and thereby activating the water pump 11. Further, in such embodiments, water may flow from the water tank 13, through conduit 21 a, through valve 86, through check valve 12, through conduit 21 b, through water pump 11, and into conduits 22 and 24.

In certain embodiments, the plumbing system, which, for example, may include conduits 21 a, 21 b, 22, and 24, may be purged of all air by opening the discharge outlets 25 until all air is expelled. In such embodiments, the discharge outlets 25 may then be closed and the water switch 75 can be turned “OFF.” Further, in such embodiments, filling of the water tank 13 can continue until it over flows through a vent located thereon. In addition, once the water overflows through the water tank 13 vent, the valve 36 can be turned “OFF.”

In one or more embodiments, the flow rate of each discharge outlet 25 may be tested by turning the water switch 75 “ON” and allowing water to flow through each discharge outlet 25 separately for a predetermined time. For example, in such embodiments, water may flow through the undertruck nozzles and handlines for 5 minutes, through the turret low flows for 2 minutes, and/or through the turret high flows for 1 minute. In such embodiments, after allowing each individual discharge outlet 25 to flow, e.g., for the above-mentioned predetermined time, the reading on the meter 36 can be recorded as the “Beginning Water Reading,” prior to opening valve 34. Next, in such embodiments, valve 34 may be opened and the water tank 13 may be refilled until it over flows through the vent located thereon. In such embodiments, as soon as water is discharged from the vent on the water tank 13, the valve 34 may be closed and the reading on meter 36 can be recorded as the “Ending Water Reading.” In such embodiments, the flow rate of each discharge outlet can be determined according to Formula I shown below.

((Ending Water Reading−Beginning Water Reading)/time of discharge)=Flow Rate   I

The flow rate determined according to Formula I can be in the units of volume units per minute, and can be recorded as the “Discharge Flow.” In such embodiments, the process described above can be completed to determine and record the Discharge Flow for each discharge outlet, e.g., undertruck nozzles, handlines, turret low flows, and/or turret high flows.

In certain embodiments, the Foam Flow can be determined, which can be used along with the Discharge Flow to determine the concentration of the test water stream in the test water stream/tank water mixture. In such embodiments, to prepare the foam test system 10 and the foam addition system 26 to measure the Foam Flow, valve 72 can be turned “ON” by insertion and turning of a key 72 a. In such embodiments, air from the air compressor 88 can flow through the air tank 89, through conduit 50, through valve 72, through conduit 74, to the actuator 79, thereby opening valve 16. In such embodiments, air can also flow to the actuator 82 thereby shifting valve 83 into the test mode. Further, air pressure from conduit 74 may close pressure switch 60, allowing power from battery 59 to travel through pressure switch 60, through conductor 61, through power conditioner 78, through conductor 62, thereby closing valves 80 and 81 and/or turning lights 63 and 64 on. In certain embodiments, the light 63 may be positioned inside the cab of a firefighting vehicle, while the light 64 may be positioned on an enclosure 91 a separate from the cab of the firefighting vehicle. In addition, water may flow from the water tank 13, through conduit 27 a, through valve 16, through conduit 27 b, through meter 19, through conduit 28, through valve 83, through conduit 29, and into the foam metering device 15. In such embodiments, power may travel from conductor 62 to conductor 62 a, thereby turning switch 66 “ON,” which may allow power to travel through conductor 67, thereby turning on the light 65, activating the meter 19, and activating the meter display 71. Further, turning switch 66 “ON” can send power to switch 68, for the purposes discussed below.

In addition, it may be desirable to add a visual enhancement solution to the test water stream so a user can ensure that the test water stream has mixed with the tank water stream. For example, in such embodiments, once switch 68 is “ON,” power may travel through conductor 69, which can turn on light 70 and activate either valve 45 or valve 46 depending on what discharge is activated. In such embodiments, a visual enhancement solution may then flow from the visual enhancement solution tank 42, through conduit 43 and/or 44, through valve 45 and/or 46, through orifices 48 and/or 49, through conduit 47, and into conduit 32, where the visual enhancement solution may mix with the test water stream exiting the foam metering device 15. The visual enhancement solution can be any type of solution known to one skilled in the art, as long as it is able to be mixed with the test water stream and be detected by a user. In one or more embodiments, the solution can be a common food coloring dye.

In certain embodiments, to begin the Foam Flow readings, the engine 87 may be started and the water switch 75 turned “ON.” In such embodiments, power from battery 59 can flow through conductor 58, through the water switch 75, through conductor 76, thereby activating valve 41 and allowing air from conduit 51 to flow through conduit 52 and to the actuator 85 on valve 86 to open the valve 86. Further, in such embodiments, air may be exhausted from the actuator 85 through conduit 52 to the atmosphere. In addition, power may also flow through conductor 77, thereby engaging PTO 90 and activating the water pump 11. Further, in such embodiments, water, e.g., a tank water stream, may flow from the water tank 13, through conduit 21 a, through valve 86, through check valve 12, through conduit 21 b, through water pump 11, and into conduit 22. Water can also flow through conduit 23 a, through eductor 14 (creating a low pressure area), through conduit 23 b, into conduit 21 b, through water pump 11, and back into conduit 22. At the same time, in such embodiments, a visual enhancement solution, e.g., a food coloring dye, may flow into conduit 32 as discussed above. Further, in such embodiments, opening a discharge 25 may open an orifice on the foam metering device 15, thereby allowing a metered volume of a test water stream to flow through the foam metering device 15, through conduit 32, mixing with the visual enhancement solution into eductor 14, then mix with the tank water stream flowing into conduit 23 b, thereby allowing the meter 19 and the conduits 27 b, 28, and 29 to be flooded with water. Further, in such embodiments, the water switch 75 can then be turned “OFF” and the reading on display 71 can be recorded as “Beginning Foam Reading.” In such embodiments, the water switch 75 can then be turned “ON” and discharge 25 can be opened and allowed to flow for a predetermined time, e.g., for 5 minutes at the undertruck nozzles and handlines, for 2 minutes at the turret low flows, and for 1 minute at the turret high flows. After flowing each individual discharge 25 for a predetermined time, e.g., the time detailed above, the water switch 75 can be turned “OFF” and the reading on display 71 can be recorded as the “Ending Foam Reading.” The Foam Flow (i.e., flow rate of the foam metering device 15) can be determined according to Formula II provided below.

Foam Flow=(Ending Foam Reading−Beginning Foam Reading)/time of discharge   II

In such embodiments, the Foam Concentrate Percentage can be determined according to Formula III provided below. In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 2, operating in the test mode, the Foam Concentrate Percentage measured relates to the concentration of the test water stream in the test water stream and tank water stream mixture, which may accurately reflect an actual foam concentrate percentage when the foam addition system 26 of FIG. 2 is operated in the normal mode.

$\begin{matrix} {{{Foam}\mspace{14mu} {Concentrate}\mspace{14mu} {Percentage}} = {\frac{{Foam}\mspace{14mu} {Flow}}{{Discharge}\mspace{14mu} {Flow}^{*}\mspace{14mu} {time}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {discharge}\mspace{14mu} {during}\mspace{14mu} {Foam}\mspace{14mu} {Flow}}*100}} & {III} \end{matrix}$

In certain embodiments, the Foam Flow can be deteremined for each discharge outlet 25, e.g., the undertruck nozzles and handlines, the turret low flows, and the turret high flows, and then the Foam Concentrate Percentage can be determined for each of the discharge outlets 25 as discussed above.

In one or more embodiments, when all testing is complete, switches 66 and 68 can be turned “OFF” and the key 72 a on valve 72 can be turned “OFF” and removed. In such embodiments, this will allow air to flow from conduit 50, through valve 72, through conduit 73, and to actuator 79, thereby closing test water valve 16. Further, air may also flow to actuator 82, thereby shifting valve 83 to the default operational mode. In such embodiments, air may be exhausted from actuator 82 and actuator 79 through valve 72 and conduit 74, which allows the pressure switch 60 to open, thereby disconnecting power to conductor 61 and turning off power conditioner 78. Further, in such embodiments, power to conductor 62 may also be turned off, thereby allowing valves 80 and 81 to open allowing water to drain from conduits 27 b and 28, and from meter 19.

FIG. 3 depicts an alternative embodiment of the foam test system 30 for a foam addition system 50, where one or more of the components of the foam test system 30 may be mounted on a test apparatus 70 separate from a firefighting vehicle 60. In one or more embodiments, the test apparatus 70 may be a mobile apparatus, such as, for example, a vehicle, trailer, or cart.

In one or more embodiments, the foam test system 30 may include a flow control system 40 that includes at least two fluid connectors for connecting and disconnecting the test apparatus 70 and the foam addition system 50. For example, as shown in the embodiment depicted in FIG. 3, a firefighting vehicle 60 may be equipped with water connections 47 and 49 that may permit external components of the foam test system 30, e.g., the flow meter 39, to be connected and disconnected from the foam addition system 50 via conduits 46 c and 48 a. The water connections 47 and 49 may be any type of water connections that are capable of connecting external components of the foam test system 30 to the foam addition system 50, and specific connections can be chosen by one skilled in the art for a particular purpose.

In certain embodiments, the test apparatus 70 may be used to test the foam addition systems of multiple different firefighting vehicles. For example, in an embodiment not depicted in the Figures, the test apparatus 70 may include multiple flow meters 39, with each flow meter 39 connected to a flow control system 40 for each firefighting vehicle 60. In certain other embodiments, the test apparatus 70 may include one flow meter 39 connected to multiple flow control systems 40 on multiple firefighting vehicles 60. In such embodiments, the flow meter 39 may be connected to multiple flow control systems in any manner known to one skilled in the art, such as, for example, via a three-way ball valve. In one or more embodiments, the test apparatus 70 may be mobile and can be relocated from firefighting vehicle to firefighting vehicle in order to perform foam testing. In certain other embodiments, the test apparatus 70 may be stationary and multiple different firefighting vehicles can be brought to the test apparatus 70 for foam testing. In such embodiments, the test apparatus 70 may include one flow meter 39 or multiple flow meters 39, as discussed above.

In certain embodiments, the foam test system 30, the foam addition system 50, and/or the flow control system 40 may operate in a manner similar to that of the respective foam test system 10, foam addition system 26, and flow control system 20 discussed above with reference to FIG. 1. Accordingly, in certain embodiments, the components of the foam test system 30, the foam addition system 50, and the flow control system 40 may have similar properties and parameters as discussed above regarding the respective components of the foam test system 10, foam addition system 26, and flow control system 20 discussed above with reference to FIG. 1. Below, a description of the operation of the foam addition system 50, flow control system 40, and foam test system 30 is provided.

In certain embodiments, to operate the foam addition system 50 in the normal mode, water, e.g., a tank water stream, from water tank 33 may enter conduit 41 a, flow through check valve 32, through conduit 41 b, through the pump 31, through conduits 42 and 43 a, and into the water/foam mixing device 34. In such embodiments, foam concentrate may enter conduit 53 a from the foam tank 38, flow through the foam concentrate valve 37, through conduit 53 b, through conduit 51, and into the foam metering device 35. In such embodiments, the foam metering device 35 may meter foam concentrate into the conduit 52, where the foam concentrate can then be mixed with the tank water stream in the foam/water mixing device 34. In such embodiments, the foam and tank water mixture may then proceed through conduits 43 b, 41 b through the pump 31, through conduits 42 and 44, and through at least one discharge outlet 45.

In one or more embodiments, to operate the foam addition system 50 in the test mode, the test water valve 36 may be open so as to permit the measurement of the flow rate or total flow of the test water stream. For example, in such embodiments, a test water stream from the water tank 33 may flow through conduit 46 a, through test water valve 36, through conduit 46 b, through water connection 47, through conduit 46 c, through the flow meter 39, through conduit 48 a, through water connection 49, through conduits 48 b and 51, and into the foam metering device 35. Further, in such embodiments, a tank water stream may flow through the foam/water mixing device 34 drawing the test water stream from the foam metering device 35 into the mixing device 34, and the resulting test water stream and tank water mixture can then proceed through conduits 43 b, 41 b, through pump 31, through conduits 42 and 44 to be discharged at a discharge outlet 45. In such embodiments, the flow meter 39 may be used to measure the flow rate or total flow of the test water stream being metered through the foam metering device 35 when in the test mode. In such embodiments, the foam concentrate valve 37 may have been closed to restrict the fluid flow of foam concentrate from the foam tank 38 into the foam mixing device 35.

In certain embodiments, the foam addition system 50, the foam test system 30, and the flow control system 40 may be present on a firefighting vehicle having similar components as those discussed above with reference to FIG. 2, with the exception that one or more components of the foam test system 30 may be external to the firefighting vehicle, such as, for example, the flow meter 39. In such embodiments, the foam concentration (or the concentration of the test water stream in a test water stream and tank water stream mixture) may be calculated for any discharge outlet 45 in the manner discussed above with reference to FIG. 2. For example, the Foam Flow and Discharge Flow of the foam addition system 50 may be determined using the firefighting vehicle discussed above with regard to FIG. 2, with the exception that the firefighting vehicle may employ water connectors 47 and 49 to connect the flow meter of the foam test system 30 on a test apparatus separate from the firefighting vehicle. In such embodiments, once the Foam Flow and Discharge Flow have been determined, one can determine the foam concentration (or the concentration of the test water stream in a test water stream and tank water stream mixture) for each discharge outlet 45 tested.

The preferred forms of the invention described above are to be used as illustration only, and should not be used in a limiting sense to interpret the scope of the present invention. Modifications to the exemplary embodiments, set forth above, could be readily made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

The inventors hereby state their intent to rely on the Doctrine of Equivalents to determine and assess the reasonably fair scope of the present invention as it pertains to any apparatus not materially departing from but outside the literal scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A firefighting vehicle comprising: a water tank for storing water; a discharge outlet for discharging liquid from the firefighting vehicle; a pump for pumping liquid to the discharge outlets; a foam tank for storing a liquid foam concentrate; a foam metering device for metering fluid flow therethrough; a foam addition system comprising one or more conduits for directing fluid from the foam metering device toward the discharge outlets; a flow control system for controlling fluid flow to the foam metering device from the water tank and from the foam concentrate tank, wherein the flow control system is shiftable between a normal mode and a test mode, wherein when the flow control system is in the normal mode, fluid flow from foam concentrate tank to the foam metering device is permitted and fluid flow from the water tank to the foam metering device is prevented, wherein when the flow control system is in the test mode, fluid flow from the water tank to the foam metering device is permitted and fluid flow from the foam concentrate tank to the foam metering device is prevented; and a flow meter for measuring the flow of water through the foam metering device when the flow control system is in the test mode.
 2. The firefighting vehicle according to claim 1, wherein said metering device is a metering valve.
 3. The firefighting vehicle according to claim 1, wherein said foam addition system is an around-the-pump foam addition system comprising a plurality of said conduits and an eductor, wherein the pump is operably connected to the ATP foam addition system so as to provided fluid circulation through the eductor and the plurality of conduits, wherein the eductor is configured to provide a low pressure area for drawing fluid from the foam metering device into the eductor.
 4. The firefighting vehicle according to claims 3, further comprising a tank water conduit connected between the water tank and the ATP foam addition system, further comprising a discharge conduit connected between the ATP foam addition system and the discharge outlet, wherein the tank water conduit is connected to the ATP foam addition system downstream of the eductor and upstream of the pump, wherein the discharge conduit is connected to the ATP foam addition system downstream of the pump and upstream of the eductor.
 5. The firefighting vehicle according to claim 3, wherein the pump comprises a pump inlet and a pump outlet, wherein the eductor comprises an eductor inlet and an eductor outlet, wherein the conduits of the ATP foam addition system include a first conduit connected between the pump outlet and the eductor inlet and a second conduit connected between the eductor outlet and the pump inlet, wherein the pump is configured to cause fluid flow out of the pump outlet, through the first conduit, through the eductor, through the second conduit, and back to the pump inlet, further comprising a discharge conduit connected between the first conduit and the discharge outlet, further comprising a tank water conduit connected between the water tank and the second conduit.
 6. The firefighting vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising a test water conduit connected between the water tank and the foam metering device and a foam concentrate conduit connected between the foam tank and the foam metering device, wherein the flow control system comprises one or more valves operable to direct flow through the test water conduit and the foam concentrate conduit, wherein the flow meter is connected to the test water conduit and is operable to measure water flow though the test water conduit.
 7. The firefighting vehicle according to claim 6, wherein the one or more valves comprises a test water valve for directing flow through the test water conduit and a foam concentrate valve for controlling flow through the foam concentrate conduit.
 8. The firefighting vehicle according to claim 6, further comprising a junction where the test water conduit and the foam concentrate conduit meet, further comprising a metering supply conduit connected between the junction and the foam metering device.
 9. The firefighting vehicle according to claim 8, wherein the one or more valves of the flow control system comprises a control valve located at the junction, wherein the control valve is operable to shift the flow control system between the test mode and the normal mode.
 10. The firefighting vehicle according to claim 6, wherein said foam addition system is an around-the-pump foam addition system comprising a plurality of said conduits and an eductor, wherein the pump is operably connected to the ATP foam addition system so as to provided fluid circulation through the eductor and the plurality of conduits , wherein the eductor is configured to provide a low pressure area for drawing fluid from the foam metering device into the eductor, further comprising a tank water conduit connected between the water tank and the ATP foam addition system, further comprising a discharge conduit connected between the ATP foam addition system and the discharge outlet, wherein the tank water conduit is connected to the ATP foam addition system downstream of the eductor and upstream of the pump, wherein the discharge conduit is connected to the ATP foam addition system downstream of the pump and upstream of the eductor.
 11. The firefighting vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the liquid foam concentrate is an aqueous film forming foam (AFF) comprising water, a hydrocarbon surfactant, and a flourosurfactant.
 12. The firefighting vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising an air compressor, wherein the flow control system comprises at least one valve for controlling fluid flow to the foam metering device and at least one actuator for shifting the valve, wherein the at least one actuator is configured to be actuated by compressed air from the air compressor when the flow control system is shifted between the test mode and the normal mode.
 13. A firefighting vehicle comprising: a water tank for storing water; a mixing loop; a pump operably connected to the mixing loop; an eductor operably connected to the mixing loop; a first water line fluidly connecting the water tank to the mixing loop; a second water line fluidly connecting the water tank to a junction; a water valve operably connected to the second water line; a flow meter operably connected to the second water line; a foam tank for storing a liquid foam concentrate; a foam line fluidly connecting the foam tank to the junction; a foam valve operably connected to the foam line; a fluid metering device for metering fluid flow to the eductor; one or more discharge outlets for discharging liquid from the firefighting vehicle; and a flow control system shiftable between a normal mode and a test mode, wherein, during the normal mode, the flow control system closes the water valve and opens the foam valve such that the liquid foam concentrate flows, via the foam line, through the junction, through the fluid metering device, and to the eductor, and such that water flows, via the first water line, through the mixing loop to the eductor such that the water and liquid foam concentrate mixes at the eductor, and wherein, during the test mode, the flow control system opens the water valve and closes the foam valve such that water flows, via the second water line, through the flow meter, through the junction, through the fluid metering device, and to the eductor, and water flows, via the first water line, through the mixing loop to the eductor such that the water from the first water line and the water from the second water line mixes at the eductor.
 14. The firefighting vehicle according to claim 13, wherein the flow meter is positioned upstream of the junction.
 15. The firefighting vehicle according to claim 13, wherein during the normal mode the eductor draws the liquid foam concentrate through the fluid metering device, and wherein during the test mode the eductor draws water through the fluid metering device.
 16. The firefighting vehicle according to claim 13, wherein the liquid foam concentrate comprises an aqueous film forming foam (AFFF).
 17. A foam system operable to be used with a firefighting vehicle that includes a water tank for storing water, a foam tank for storing a liquid foam concentrate, a foam metering device for metering flow of the liquid foam concentrate from the foam tank, and a discharge outlet for discharging liquid from the firefighting vehicle, the foam system comprising: a continuous mixing loop; a water inlet located along the mixing loop to receive water from water tank; a liquid outlet located along the mixing loop to supply liquid to the discharge outlet; an eductor connected to the mixing loop and configured to draw fluid into the mixing loop from the foam metering device; a pump connected to the mixing loop and configured to circulate liquid through the mixing loop and to pump liquid to the discharge outlet; a flow control system shiftable between a normal mode and a test mode wherein, during the normal mode, flow of the liquid foam concentrate to the foam metering device is permitted and flow of water from the water tank to the foam metering device is prevented, and wherein, during the test mode, flow of the liquid foam concentrate to the foam metering device is prevented and flow of water from the water tank to the foam metering device is permitted; and a flow meter for measuring an amount of water passed through the foam metering device when the flow control system is in the test mode.
 18. The foam system according to claim 17, wherein the flow meter is positioned upstream of the foam metering device.
 19. The foam system according to claim 17, wherein the flow control system comprises a foam valve and a water valve.
 20. The foam system according to claim 19, wherein during the test mode the water valve is open so as to permit flow of water from the water tank into the foam metering device, and wherein during the test mode the foam valve is closed so as to prevent flow of the liquid foam concentrate from the foam tank into the foam metering device.
 21. The foam system according to claim 17, wherein during the normal mode the eductor draws the liquid foam concentrate through the fluid metering device, and wherein during the test mode the eductor draws water through the fluid metering device.
 22. The foam system according to claim 17, wherein the liquid foam concentrate comprises an aqueous film forming foam (AFFF)
 23. A surrogate foam test system for testing a foam distribution system of a fire fighting vehicle, comprising: a water tank having an outlet coupled to a flush line, wherein the water tank provides water through the outlet; a foam storage tank having an outlet coupled to a foam feed line, wherein the foam storage tank provides a foam fire suppressant; a flush valve coupled to the flush line, wherein the flush line extends through the flush valve and into the foam feed line at a junction; a foam valve coupled to the foam feed line before the junction, wherein the foam feed line extends through the foam valve and accepts the flush line the junction; a proportioning device coupled to the foam feed line after the junction, wherein the proportioning device is configured to control a flow rate of water therethrough; an eductor comprising a first inlet coupled to a fluid outlet line from the proportioning device and a second inlet coupled to a water feed line from the water tank, wherein the eductor is configured to mix water from the water feed line and water from the proportioning device and discharge a mixed fluid; and a flow meter coupled to the flush line between the flush valve and the junction, wherein the flow meter is configured to monitor a flow rate of the water within the flush line.
 24. The surrogate foam test system of claim 23, further comprising a flow indicator operably connected to the flow meter, wherein the flow indicator is configured to visually represent the flow rate of the water within the flush line.
 25. The surrogate foam test system of claim 23, wherein the flow rate of the water through the proportioning device is adjustable by the proportioning device, such that a measured flow rate by the flow meter is within a range of known flow rate values that correspond to a passing condition of the surrogate foam test system.
 26. The surrogate foam test system of claim 23, wherein the foam valve prevents a flow of foam fire suppressant through the foam feed line when the surrogate foam test system is in a testing mode.
 27. The surrogate foam test system of claim 23, wherein the flush valve allows a flow of the water through the flush line when the surrogate foam test system is in a testing mode.
 28. The surrogate foam test system of claim 23, wherein the flush valve includes a ball valve and the foam valve includes a ball valve.
 29. The surrogate foam test system of claim 23, further comprising a fluid pump coupled to an eductor discharge line, wherein the fluid pump pressurizes the mixed fluid from the eductor and discharges a pressurized mixed fluid.
 30. The surrogate foam test system of claim 29, further comprising at least one outlet coupled to a fluid pump discharge line, wherein the at least one outlet is configured to eject the pressurized mixed fluid. 